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使用全基因组测序线粒体疾病的诊断
第一次出版2022年5月31日,
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000200745
瑞安·l·戴维斯
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
•r•库马尔
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
克莱尔•帕蒂克
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
克里斯蒂娜梁
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
凯特·e·艾哈迈德
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
Fabienne Edema-Hildebrand
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
kim公园
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
安德烈·e·Minoche
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
Velimir Gayevskiy
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
Amali c Mallawaarachchi
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
约翰Christodoulou
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
黛博拉·斯科菲尔德
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
马塞尔·e·全垒打
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
马克·j·考利
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
卡洛琳·m·苏
的神经遗传学(R.L.D.,K.R.K.,中一段,K.E.A., F.E.-H., J.-S.P., C.M.S.), Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (R.L.D., K.R.K., C.P., A.E.M., V.G., A.C.M., M.E.D., M.J.C., C.M.S.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; Department of Neurology (K.R.K., C.L., K.E.A., F.E.-H., C.M.S.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards; Dr. Kumar is now with Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia; Dr. Park is now with Cenyx Biotech, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics (J.C.), University of Melbourne, Victoria; Prof. Schofield is now with GenIMPACT: Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park; Prof. Dinger is now with School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick; and Prof. Cowley is now with Computational Biology Group, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.
使用全基因组测序线粒体疾病的诊断
瑞安L。戴维斯,基肖尔R。库马尔,克莱尔•帕蒂克,克里斯蒂娜梁,凯特·E。艾哈迈德,的法Edema-Hildebrand,-公园,安德烈·E。Minoche,VelimirGayevskiy,Amali C。Mallawaarachchi,约翰Christodoulou,黛博拉斯科菲尔德,马塞尔·E。全垒打,Mark J。考利,卡洛琳。苏
半岛投注体育官网
2022年8月,
99年
(7)
e730-e742;
DOI:10.1212 / WNL.0000000000200745
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文摘
背景和目标线粒体疾病(MDs)是最常见的遗传性代谢疾病。表型多样性具有挑战性,能使分子诊断和病因的遗传变异可能位于线粒体或核DNA。一个全面的基因诊断测试将非常有用和转换。我们应用全基因组测序(WGS)来评估这项技术的变异检测率和诊断能力,以简化和提高医学诊断途径。
方法成年患者医学专家诊所在悉尼,澳大利亚,招募了研究如果他们满足临床医学博士(奈梅亨)标准。WGS进行血液DNA,紧随其后的是临床遗传分析已知致病MD-associated变异和MD模拟。
结果连续的242个病人招募,62名参与者“定”,108年“可能”,72年“可能的”奈梅亨MD分类的标准。致病变种被确定为130名参与者,无论致病基因变异的位置,提供一个整体诊断率为53.7% (130 242)。确定致病基因变异通知精确治疗,恢复生殖信心,和优化医学的临床管理。
讨论准确全面bigenomic测序检测致病基因变异影响MD患者,简化诊断、早期治疗,和通知基因传播的风险。
术语表
- AMACR=
- α-methylacyl-CoA消旋酶;
- CNV=
- 拷贝数变异;
- CPEO=
- 慢性进行性外部眼肌麻痹;
- KSS=
- Kearns-Sayre综合症;
- 医学博士=
- 线粒体疾病;
- 米拉斯=
- 线粒体encephalomyopathy、乳酸酸中毒和类似中风发作;
- MIDD=
- 母体遗传来的耳聋和糖尿病;
- 假正经的=
- 孟德尔遗传在人;
- mtDNA=
- 线粒体DNA;
- nDNA=
- 核DNA;
- SNV=
- 单核苷酸变异;
- SV=
- 结构变化;
- VAF=
- 不同的等位基因频率;
- VUS开头=
- 变异的不确定的意义;
- WGS=
- 全基因组测序
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提交和外部同行评议。FAAN处理编辑安东尼·阿马托,医学博士,和穆美利奴,医学博士,硕士,FAAN。
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作者回复:使用全基因组测序线粒体疾病的诊断
- 瑞安L戴维斯,研究员,悉尼大学
- 基肖尔R库马尔,神经学家,悉尼大学
- 埃路易斯沃森,神经学家,悉尼大学
- 卡洛琳米苏,神经学家,悉尼大学
2022年7月27日,提交 -
读者反应:使用全基因组测序线粒体疾病的诊断
- 凯瑟琳·R肖恩,临床研究员,剑桥大学
- 帕特里克·FChinnery,神经学家,剑桥大学
2022年7月14日提交